Evidence | Site of action | Reference |
---|---|---|
Organization of motoneuron number | Â | Â |
Androgens can attenuate cell death in cultured motoneurons | Motoneuron | [27] |
Androgen receptor is expressed in muscle but not motoneuron during critical period | Muscle, not motoneuron | |
Ablation of spinal cord containing SNB does not prevent masculinization of target muscle | Not motoneuron | [29] |
Ablation of target muscle prevents masculinization of SNB motoneurons | Muscle | [30] |
Anti-androgen delivered to target muscles prevent masculinization of SNB motoneurons | Muscle | [31] |
Administering CNTFa, trkB or trkC antagonists to target muscle more effective than systemic administration in preventing masculinization of SNB motoneurons | Muscle | [32] |
SNB motoneurons of androgenized XTfm/Xwt females survive regardless of functional Ar within motoneurons | Not motoneuron | [33] |
Selective genetic muscle AR replacement does not masculinize SNB of Tfm rats | Not only myocytes | [34] |
Selective genetic deletion of Ar in myocytes reduces but does not prevent masculinization of SNB | Not only myocytes | |
Organization of motoneuron size | Â | Â |
Neonatal axotomy of SNB motoneurons prevents normal soma size | Muscle | [37] |
Organization of motoneuron dendritic extent | Â | Â |
ER agonist/antagonist delivered to target muscles more effective that systemic delivery in regulating dentritic outgrowth of SNB motoneurons | Muscle | [38] |
Activation of motoneuron size | Â | Â |
Axotomy of SNB motoneurons prevents androgenic maintenance of SNB motoneuron size | Muscle | |
AR agonists or antagonists delivered unilaterally to target muscles do not affect ipsilateral motoneurons | Motoneuron | [42] |
Size of SNB motoneurons of androgenized XTfm/Xwt females depends on functional Ar within motoneurons | Motoneuron | [43] |
Selective overexpression of AR in myocytes does not result in increases in quadriceps motoneuron size | Not myocyte | [44] |
Activation of motoneuron gene expression | Â | Â |
Local injection of target muscle extracts from castrated males increases CGRP in SNB motoneurons | Muscle | |
Axotomy of SNB motoneurons affects AR | Muscle | |
CGRP, CDH2 in SNB motoneurons of androgenized XTfm/Xwt females depends on functional Ar within motoneurons | Motoneuron | |
Activation of dendritic extent | Â | Â |
AR agonists or antagonists delivered unilaterally to target muscles do affect ipsilateral motoneurons | Muscle | [42] |
Selective overexpression of AR in myocytes results in androgen-dependent increases in dendritic extent in quadriceps motoneurons | Myocyte | [44] |