Table 2 Distributions of limb alignment by age, sex, and ethnicity
From: Mechanical contributors to sex differences in idiopathic knee osteoarthritis
Limb alignment measure | Ethnicity | Sex | Age (years) | Alignment Mean±SD | Source Note/conclusion |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Femur-tibia angle (FTA) (degrees, mean ± SD) | Not specified | men | 21-40 (n=30) | 2.3 ± 2.3 varus | [5] No age or sex differences Mean FTA 1.2o ± 2.2o (varus) |
41-60 (n=30) | 1.0 ± 2.3 varus | ||||
women | 21-40 (n=30) | 1.3 ± 1.8 varus | |||
41-60 (n=30) | 0.3 ± 2.3 varus | ||||
FTA (degrees, mean ± SD) | Chinese | men | mean age: 24 range: 22–31 (n=25) | 2.2 ± 2.7 varus | [15] No sex differences |
women | mean age: 23 range: 21–29 (n=25) | 2.2 ± 2.5 varus | |||
FTA (degrees, mean ± SD) | Japanese and Australian Caucasian | men | 18-29 (n=21) | 180.3 ± 3.0 varus | [16] In combined group, women had more valgus alignment p = 0.017) Japanese (men and women) more varus than Australian Caucasians; No age effects |
30-59 (n=36) | 179.8 ± 2.5 valgus | ||||
>60 (n=23) | 180.0 ± 2.1 neutral | ||||
women | 18-29 (n=35) | 179.5 ± 3.2, valgus | |||
30-59 (n=36) | 178.6 ± 2.5 valgus | ||||
>60 (n=23) | 180.0 ± 2.1 neutral | ||||
Hip-knee-Ankle (HKA) (degrees, mean ± SD) | Not specified/Canadian | men | <30 (n=38) >45 (n=14) | −1.5 ± 3.0 varus | [13] Women more likely than men in all age groups to have valgus alignment (p = 0.03) No age effects |
women | <30 (n=41) >45 (n=26) | −0.5 ± 2.6 varus | |||
HKA | Japanese and Caucasian | men | Caucasian 28 ± 6.8 (n=23) | 36% of men had valgus alignment | [14] Japanese higher varus vs. Caucasians; Women more valgus than men |
Japanese 30 ± 6.3 (n=11) | |||||
women | Caucasian 26 ± 7.7 (n=24) | 50% women had valgus alignment | |||
Japanese 37 ± 6.2 (n=12) |